What Financial Analysts Do

Financial analysts research economic trends, analyze financial data, and provide recommendations to help businesses and individuals make investment decisions. They work in investment banks, asset management firms, corporations, and consulting. Day-to-day tasks include building financial models, creating forecasts, preparing reports for stakeholders, and monitoring market performance.

Financial Modeling

If you're drawn to numbers, analysis, and strategic thinking, this career might suit you. Our RIASEC career assessment can help confirm whether the Investigative-Conventional profile typical of financial analysts matches your interests.

Success as a financial analyst depends on both technical and soft skills.

Excel Proficiency

Building Excel-based models to project company performance, value businesses (DCF, comparable analysis), and assess investment returns is core to the role. You'll need to understand accounting, valuation methodologies, and how to structure assumptions logically.

SQL and Data Skills

Excel remains the primary tool for most analysts. Master pivot tables, lookup functions (VLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH), data validation, and scenario analysis. Advanced users leverage Power Query and VBA for automation.

Soft Skills

Increasingly, analysts pull data from databases using SQL. Familiarity with Python or R for data analysis is a plus. Understanding how to clean, transform, and visualize data is essential in data-driven firms.

Education Requirements

Communication, attention to detail, and the ability to work under deadlines matter. Analysts must explain complex findings to non-financial stakeholders and collaborate with teams across the organization.

CFA Certification

Most financial analyst roles require at least a bachelor's degree in finance, accounting, economics, or a related field. Some employers prefer or require an MBA or master's in finance for senior positions. Relevant coursework includes financial accounting, corporate finance, investments, and statistics.

Salary Expectations

If you're still deciding what to study, finance and economics degrees provide the strongest foundation. Double majors or minors in data science or computer science can differentiate you in competitive markets.

The Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation is the gold standard for investment professionals. Administered by the CFA Institute, it requires passing three rigorous exams covering ethics, quantitative methods, economics, financial reporting, corporate finance, equity and fixed income, derivatives, and portfolio management.

Career Paths

Most candidates spend 300+ hours studying per level. The CFA is especially valuable for roles in asset management, equity research, and investment banking. It signals commitment and technical competence to employers. Many analysts begin the program in their first years on the job.

Financial analyst compensation varies by experience, location, and employer type. Entry-level analysts typically earn $55,000–$75,000. Mid-career professionals (3–7 years) often see $80,000–$100,000. Senior analysts and those in investment banking or hedge funds can reach $100,000–$130,000+, with bonuses significantly boosting total compensation in finance-heavy roles.

Find Careers That Match Your Interests

Major financial centers (New York, London, Hong Kong) pay premiums. Corporate finance roles tend to offer more work-life balance; investment banking offers higher pay with longer hours.

Financial analysts have diverse paths. Many start in rotational programs or junior analyst roles, then specialize. Common progressions include moving into equity research, portfolio management, corporate development, or FP&A (financial planning and analysis). Some transition to consulting, private equity, or venture capital.

Career Paths

With experience and credentials, you can advance to Associate, Vice President, Director, or Managing Director. The skills you build—modeling, analysis, communication—transfer well across finance and business roles.

Take our free career assessment and discover roles aligned with your strengths—including finance and analysis.